Air compressor
Compressor can be defined as a device that increases the pressure of the gasses by compressing them in an enclosed chamber.As gasses are compressible, the compressor also reduces its volume. The high-pressure gas after compression can be transported then to the required place.Types of the compressorTypes of compressor and their details
- Positive displacement compressors
- Dynamic compressors
These are further divided into subcategories as indicated below:
Positive displacement compressors
Positive displacement compressors are those which displace the intake gas from one volume condition to the other volume condition with the help of certain mechanism to increase the pressure of the gas. These type of compressors supply compressed gas in batches.-Reciprocating compressors
Applications of reciprocating compressors are in beverage and food, oil & gas, automotive and refrigeration industries etc.
Reciprocating compressors have further three types
Single Acting:In single-acting, the compression of gas takes place only in one direction.
Double Acting:In double-acting compressor, the compression takes place in both the
directions of the piston.
Diaphragm:The diaphragm compressor has a flexible membrane which is linked with the
reciprocating mechanism to do the process of compression with the help of
membrane. It is also known as membrane compressor.
-Rotary compressors
Rotary compressors are a type of positive displacement compressors which use rotary parts to compress the gas. They are lighter and less vibratory than the reciprocating compressors. Applications of Rotary compressors are in industries where a continuous flow of compressed gas is required like packaging and manufacturing industries etc.Rotary compressors have further five types
Screw compressors:Rotary screw compressors consist of rotating screws which mesh together
compressing the gas to provide a continuous supply of compressed gas. They
can be oil-free or use lubrication for working.
Scroll compressors:Scroll compressors usually have two spiral vanes out of which one is fixed
and other is rotating. The gas enters radially and leaves out the compressor
axially at the center. Scroll compressors are used in air-conditioning
systems and heat pumps
Lobe compressors:Rotary lobe compressors consist of two lobes rotating in opposite direction
to intake and compress the gas between the two rotating lobes and the
casing.
Vane compressors:Vane compressors use a rotating cylinder with slots providing moveable
vanes. The rotation changes the condition of the compressor from the maximum
volume at the input to minimum volume conditions at the output. They are low
cost and have compact dimensions.
Liquid Ring compressors:Liquid Ring compressors are like rotary vane but have vanes as an integral
part that uses the liquid to create a vacuum to intake gas and then deliver
it at high pressure at the out port. The liquid remains within the chamber.
Dynamic compressors
Dynamic compressors compress the gas by the rotating part at high speed to increase the pressure head of the gas. They are continuous flow devices providing a large volume of compressed gas.Applications of dynamic compressors are where the high flow rate is required like chemical, petroleum, power plants and process industries.
Dynamic compressors have further two types
-Centrifugal
Centrifugal compressor has an impeller and a diffuser. The rotating
impeller compressed the gas with the vanes against the diffuser wall to
create high pressure. These type of compressors find applications in process
industries mostly.
-Axial
Axial compressors have a radial shaft with vanes that decrease in diameter
along the length of the shaft to compress the gas. They provide high flow
rates.
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